درآمدی بر معناشناسی

<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" dir="RTL" style="text-align:center"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:26.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;mso-fareast-font-family:_x000D_
Calibri">درآمدی بر معنا‌شناسی</span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt;_x000D_
line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:_x000D_
.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:_x000D_
.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Understanding semantics</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:_x000D_
.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:_x000D_
9.0pt;font-family:IRBadr"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;_x000D_
text-kashida:0%;tab-stops:12.2pt"><i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;_x000D_
line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">«درآمدی بر معناشناسی</span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">»</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;color:black’>معناشناسی</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">&nbsp;کتابی مبنایی و در‌دسترس در زمینۀ معناشناسی_x000D_
زبان‌شناختی فراهم می‌کند. مخاطب، در بخش نخست، با عبور از مسیری مرحله‌به‌مرحله_x000D_
با مفاهیم و پدیده‌های اصلی معناشناسی از جمله سطوح و ابعاد معنا</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>ابعاد معنا</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">، ابهام</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>ابهام</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">، بافت و معنا</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;color:black’>معنا</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">، روابط منطقی،_x000D_
روابط معنایی، مبانی معنایی اسم، فعل و جمله آشنا می‌شود. در بخش دوم، درآمدی_x000D_
نقادانه بر مفاهیم بنیادی</span><!–[if supportFields]><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>بنیادی</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">ِ سه رویکرد اصلی_x000D_
نسبت به معنا؛ یعنی ساختگرایی</span><!–[if supportFields]><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;color:black’>ساختگرایی</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">، معناشناسی شناختی</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>معناشناسی_x000D_
شناختی</span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">&nbsp;و معناشناسی صورت‌گرا</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><span dir=LTR style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>XE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span_x000D_
dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>معناشناسی_x000D_
صورت‌گرا</span><span lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’><span_x000D_
style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr">&nbsp;ارائه شده است.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold"> نویسنده در کتاب حاضر با اتخاذ رویکردی متفاوت، بر آن_x000D_
است تا مخاطب را که عمدتاً دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی زبان‌شناسی هستند، ابتدا با_x000D_
نخستین سطح از معنا</span><!–[if supportFields]><span lang=FA style=’font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;_x000D_
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><b_x000D_
style=’mso-bidi-font-weight:normal’><span dir=LTR style=’mso-bidi-font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr’>XE</span></b><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;color:black’>معنا</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-font-weight:bold">&nbsp;آشنا ساخته و سپس نشان دهد که این سطح از معنا_x000D_
چگونه با دیگر سطوح معنا</span><!–[if supportFields]><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span> </span><b_x000D_
style=’mso-bidi-font-weight:normal’><span dir=LTR style=’mso-bidi-font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr’>XE</span></b><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr’>سطوح معنا</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-font-weight:bold">یی ربط پیدا می‌کند. این کتاب با_x000D_
رویکردی شناختی، منطقی و عالمانه به بررسی و تبیین ابعاد گوناگونی از معنا</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span>_x000D_
</span><b style=’mso-bidi-font-weight:normal’><span dir=LTR style=’mso-bidi-font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr’>XE</span></b><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;color:black’>معنا</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-font-weight:bold">&nbsp;می‌پردازد که برای تم</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span>_x000D_
</span><b style=’mso-bidi-font-weight:normal’><span dir=LTR style=’mso-bidi-font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr’>XE</span></b><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;color:black’>تم</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-font-weight:bold">امی دانشجویان زبان‌شناسی در زبان_x000D_
فارسی تازگی خواهد داشت و انتظار می‌رود پاسخگوی بخشی مهمی از نایافته‌های_x000D_
پژوهشگران معناشناسی در ایران باشد. این ترجمه می‌تواند مرجع</span><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-begin’></span>_x000D_
</span><b style=’mso-bidi-font-weight:normal’><span dir=LTR style=’mso-bidi-font-size:_x000D_
14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr’>XE</span></b><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA_x000D_
style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:_x000D_
IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";_x000D_
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> &quot;</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:IRBadr;color:black’>مرجع</span><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’>&quot; </span><![endif]–><!–[if supportFields]><span_x000D_
lang=FA style=’font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-font-weight:bold’><span style=’mso-element:field-end’></span></span><![endif]–><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;_x000D_
font-family:IRBadr;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:_x000D_
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-font-weight:bold">&nbsp;مناسبی برای علاقه‌مندان به معناشناسی شناختی_x000D_
باشد.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p>_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
</p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;_x000D_
text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:IRBadr"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>